“Gee” and “Haw” are the foundational directional commands in mushing, used by the musher to communicate turning instructions to the lead dogs. “Gee” commands a right turn, while “Haw” commands a left turn. These terms have deep roots in working animal traditions, originating from commands used with draft horses and oxen centuries ago.
Lead dogs must respond to these commands reliably, as the musher often cannot physically steer the sled, especially at speed or on narrow trails. Training begins when dogs are young, with consistent repetition in controlled environments before progressing to open trail work. A well-trained lead dog will respond to gee and haw even at long distances from the musher.
In sled dog racing, the ability of lead dogs to execute precise gee and haw commands can determine race outcomes. Missed turns cost time, and on technical courses with frequent direction changes, responsive leaders are invaluable. Mushers often add emphasis or combine commands — for example, “gee over” for a gentle drift to the right versus a sharp “gee” for an immediate turn. Consistent voice tone and clear enunciation help dogs distinguish commands in windy or noisy conditions.